Heart ecc students practice tests pdf: The ultimate review tool

T1 mapping measures the longitudinal or spin-lattice relaxation time, which is determined by how rapidly protons re-equilibrate their spins after being excited by a radiofrequency pulse. In 1970, Look and Locker proposed methods to measure T1 relaxation times by acquiring data successively after magnetisation inversion [5]. Subsequently, these methods have been refined and acquisition times shortened. The Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) pulse sequence allows measurement of T1 times in a single breath hold over 17 successive heart beats and has become the most popular T1 mapping method [6]. The main difference between conventional Look-Locker and MOLLI is that in the latter the images are acquired at the same cardiac phase allowing mapping. Variations of MOLLI have been proposed allowing shortened breath-hold durations and reduced sensitivity to heart rate, such as the 5(3)3 scheme indicated in Fig. 1. The Shortened MOLLI (ShMOLLI) scheme uses sequential inversion-recovery measurements with a single breath hold of only nine successive heart beats [7] and a conditional fitting algorithm to account for the short recovery period between inversion pulses. Other pulse sequences including saturation recovery single-shot acquisition (SASHA) [8] and saturation pulse prepared heart-rate-independent inversion recovery (SAPPHIRE) [9] are also used in clinical practice.

Heart ecc students practice tests pdf

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